Spotlight

The children do need to play among themselves. They should have easy scopes a lot, to share and enjoy with others , whatever they do like. A spontaneous relationship within them, should be grown up. This free and easy neighbourhood contact in terms of relationship should be entertained by us i,e.parents or guardians. We are to just follow themas to take care of their faults only. As if, our rigid conrol somehow may not encroach to their solidarity. The children are more or less dreamy,thoughtful and imaginative. Their innocent imaginations make them to be more social and good humanitarians. It is esseal to our society. Social development is possible only the people of the society.The children are the future member of the ociety.

In the present competetive world, we have compelled our children to lead the worst mechanized life, by keeping away themselves from performing their natural activies.The urban children are gron up generally, with the comercial attitudes, as we have urged them to be converted so. There, in urban areas, have seldom been available any playgrounds or parks,wher the chidren can move boundlessly and behave independently. In future,such children who are brought up mechanically,turn into money making machines.

The concept of ‘safe life’ has been changed with the change of the prevailing phenomenon that affects our life significantly. Previously.we had the perception of ‘safe life’, was to achieve more wealth as far as possible. Our endeavours were delimited by the emphatic tends towards to be ‘richness’. But looking at the climatic changes and suurounding environmental disorders,our rethinkings have started in new mode. We do need to think the vital factors of climatic disorder rather than achieving wealth.

The greenhouse gases (GHG) are increasing day by day, creating severe problem to the environment by contaminating the air basically. Air is significantly contaminated today, due to massive industrialization, incontrollable transportations and forestry uses for domestic purpose and so on.The lavel of carbon-di-oxide is on ascending order.which could be very harmful to our health.It might happen so, that we were facing ‘breathing trouble’ due to the existence of higher percentage of carbon-di-oxide (co2) in the air. Now, we have to think of fighting with such fatal co2 to keep the atmosphere at least at good condition. Our atmosphere should be kept at usable lavel for the future. Otherwise our survival would be threatened very badly.

Yes, we do need the safe life for us unquestionably. We have to be more aware of the preservation of nature and animal planet as well. More and more plantation will be required in this hard task of protecting the nature. We have to plant individually as fer as possible and necessary care should be taken on these plantations for its growth extensively. Contaminaton of water should be handled very strictly. The day will come, when drinking water could not be provided to a large number of population. Deforestation is needed to check severely. More forest will accommodate more lives. Forest can save humans as well as the animal planet satisfactorily.

Our ‘safe life’ is indispensably depending uponthe protection and nurturing of the nature perfectly.It could be done by protecting all natural sources gifted by the nature and taking care of thos living planet seriously and sincerely.

The use of children as soldiers has been universally condemned as abhorrent and unacceptable. Yet over the last ten years hundreds of thousands of children have fought and died in conflicts around the world.
Children involved in armed conflict are frequently killed or injured during combat or while carrying out other tasks. They are forced to engage in hazardous activities such as laying mines or explosives, as well as using weapons. Child soldiers are usually forced to live under harsh conditions with insufficient food and little or no access to healthcare. They are almost always treated brutally, subjected to beatings and humiliating treatment. Punishments for mistakes or desertion are often very severe. Girl soldiers are particularly at risk of rape, sexual harassment and abuse as well as being involved in combat and other tasks
. Children are forcibly recruited into armed groups in many conflicts but the vast majority of child soldiers are adolescents between the age of 14 and 18 who "volunteer" to join up. However, research has shown that a number of factors may be involved in making the decision to actually join an armed conflict and in reality many such adolescents see few alternatives to enlisting. War itself is a major determinant. Economic, social, community and family structures are frequently ravaged by armed conflict and joining the ranks of the fighters is often the only means of survival. Many youths have reported that desire to avenge the killing of relatives or other violence arising from war is an important motive.
Poverty and lack of access to educational or work opportunities are additional factors - with joining up often holding out either the promise or the reality of an income or a means of getting one. Coupled with this may be a desire for power, status or social recognition. Family and peer pressure to join up for ideological or political reasons or to honour family tradition may also be motivating factors. Girl soldiers have reported joining up to escape domestic servitude or enforced marriage or get away from domestic violence, exploitation and abuse.

The problem is most critical in Africa, where children as young as nine have been involved in armed conflicts. Children are also used as soldiers in various Asian countries and in parts of Latin America, Europe and the Middle East.
The majority of the world's child soldiers are involved in a variety of armed political groups. These include government-backed paramilitary groups, militias and self-defence units operating in many conflict zones. Others include armed groups opposed to central government rule, groups composed of ethnic religious and other minorities and clan-based or factional groups fighting governments and each other to defend territory and resources.
Most child soldiers are aged between 14 and 18, While many enlist "voluntarily" research shows that such adolescents see few alternatives to involvement in armed conflict. Some enlist as a means of survival in war-torn regions after family, social and economic structures collapse or after seeing family members tortured or killed by government forces or armed groups. Others join up because of poverty and lack of work or educational opportunities. Many girls have reported enlisting to escape domestic servitude, violence and sexual abuse.
Forcible abductions, sometimes of large numbers of children, continue to occur in some countries. Children as young as nine have been abducted and used in combat.
Demobilization, disarmament and reintegration (DDR) programs specifically aimed at child soldiers have been established in many countries, both during and after armed conflict and have assisted former child soldiers to acquire new skills and return to their communities. However, the programs lack funds and adequate resources. Sustained long-term investment is needed if they are to be effective.
Despite growing recognition of girls' involvement in armed conflict, girls are often deliberately or inadvertently excluded from DDR programs. Girl soldiers are frequently subjected to rape and other forms of sexual violence as well as being involved in combat and other roles. In some cases they are stigmatized by their home communities when they return. DDR programs should be sensitively constructed and designed to respond to the needs of girl soldiers.
The UN Security council has issued a series of resolutions condemning the use of child soldiers and proposing measures to stop child recruitment. These include dialogue with parties to armed conflict aimed at the immediate demobilization of children; and targeted measures to sanction those who continue to recruit and use them as soldiers. Such measures could include the suspension of military aid or assistance, weapons or travel bans of asset freezing.
The UN General Assembly, the UN Commission on Human Rights, the African Union (formerly the Organization for African Unity), the European Union, the Organization of American States and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe have all condemned the recruitment and use of child soldiers.

They have come across all of their golden days neither playing nor cherishing any dream absent mindedly. Neither they could have enjoyed in flying kites with their friends nor they collectively have commited any misdeed in their childhood. They possibly can’t remember of their childish done. Poverty did not permit them to happen so classic! The agony of appetite have chased for all time them.The little fellows could not be provided a squaire meal in a day by their parents. Their parents are all undone ! Appetite does not obey any barrier. So, in quest of food, all those ‘little flowers were compelled to get involved in doing anykinds of jobs, just to meet their basic needs only.

The opportunists businessmen very often are exploiting these innocent chidren by not giving proper payments to them.Even in need,the chidren are commanded to continue their works without any rest or refreshment at all. The employers do not consider these soft heartened kids are flesh blooded.Oftenly they forget those children have some tearing limit of patience.Whatever the employers do with those little fellows,is ruthless ! As these poor children have no alternative to satisfy their appetite,they silently obey and carry out all the commands of their “God Of Food”who are their saviour.

The objective of engaging child labours in any business concern, is mainly emphasized on minimizing labour cost by depriving them from getting the actual payment for their works. The valuation of their services rendered isnot perfectly evaluated. No overtime payments,no bonus nor any facilities,nothing is rewarded to them to satisfy anyhow. Ceaseless works and more works are necessary to the employers! The employers usually practice this theory of opportunism in the world particularly in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Really an untolerable phenomenon happens even now in so civilized society.

Have we no responsibility to save those hapless chidren? We have to strike the source.We do need combat with proverty.The time is knocking to increase the food production level globally otherwise nobody will live peacefully.Our all ethical duties and responsibility, should be directed towards saving those oppressed children workers -who have given up thir nice childhood-only for fulfilling their stomachs-with our endless efforts.Otherwise our civilization will be carrying a big stigma side by side permanently.

Although be the ferocious animal, tiger is very beautiful creation of nature.A forest without any tiger has no importance to the forest lovers.It increases a different attraction to be in the forest. About five thousand tigers are seen in India. The number of tigers are coming down day by day in our country.Among the possible causes, the prime cause is ‘poaching’ of this animal. A few unscrupulous traders are involved in selling the tiger’s skin,bone, nails etc.There are few riches who love to keep the decent skin of the tiger in their drawing room for beautification. Again the bones of the tiger is used in a traditional process of making medicine. Thus a secret trading is still running, taking with the tiger.Moreover abundant forestry buisenesses have inflicted the habitats of the tiger which led them to be disappeared. Finally,the climatic effect which has generated the inadequacy of foods for the tiger due to haphazard migration of other animals from haunting area of the tiger.

The same scenario could be seen in the case of birds. Rapid urbanization,high building,treeless locality are the possible causes of disappearing of birds.The birds are loosing their nests and easy flying zones as well. The rising temperature of the earth and ecological imbalance has brought obstruction to their natural movements. Even their survival.is severly affected by the unruly climatic condition. We have destroyed many trees and plants, ponds and natural water reservoir,bushes,where the birds prefer to dwell.Birds are today, grimously inflicted by human made difficulties.We, the mankind is responsible for the disappearing of nature gifted animals and birds unquestionably.

There are so many industries in India where,so many workmen have been suffering from severe diseases due to poor and inhygienic working conditions exited in the work places. Particularly heavy industries like steel,coal,thermal power and petroleum which involve a large number of working forces for fulfilling its need over all.The management authority in these large scale industries does not undertake any needful workable condition for the workers by means of which work could be performed suitably and in comfortable manner. No protective measure are taken usually to safeguard the workers’ health or lives as well. Normally indusrial dust,fumes and carbonmonoxide and carbondioxide evolving inherently and is unknowingly absorbed by every workers in the industry. Those harmful extracted materials are bringing so many diseases like breathing problem, lungs cancer, liver problem,urinary disorder and even heart diesease and kidney disorder like fetal diseases are confronted by the workers. In our country,there are specified ruls and regulations as implemented by the minisry of labour and industry respect to the working condition, has come to the wrkers of no benefit at all. No one to administer this vital matter.Thus the continuing bad working situation leads further deterioration to the health condition of the massive workmen of India.

The facilitative working condition is inevitably essential to ensure the productivity as well as the growth of the concer because the working forces would be able to perform the respective jobs suitably with greater competence and accuracy. It is true that, good working conditions in the workplaces can generate unique satisfaction in the mind of the workmen which encourage them to work in very targetive manner ensuring the objectives of the management. Though there are few organization,which emit obnoxious materials inherently, there special care should be taken for safe guarding the health condition of the workforces.Adequate medical facilities and needful protection to be provided to the unsafe workers. Such attemts for safeguarding the health condition of the workforces should treated asa part of moral responsibility of the entrepreneur.

We can not deny ‘The God’ to remain as skeptical.We more or less have egerness and tend to be inclined towards ‘The God’.We posess a mixed-up fealings and faith on this ‘Almighty’.A larger section of our society who believe in ‘God’unhestatingly, keeping all logics at bay.Thir faith upon God is neither offensive nor disregardable at all.Only to point out that, they usually exihibit their inflexible attitude towards any social problem by imposing somehow the religioustic measure.Which is unnecessary in solving any social problems and implications.All they do need to feel or realize the truth behind any happening.This larger portion of populations so, sometimes appear to be violent and reactive as well.Such attitudes are seen to be embarrassing to the society subsequently. This group of followers want to impose every reason on others which is absolutely one sided and biased. This religious segment is evolved and as nurtured by those followers is very sensitive and can outburst anytime due to subtle meaning.They seem to be fanatically dealing almost every matters of our society in the realm of religion.It is not desirable and reasonable too. There are so many problems those can be handled and solved as well in gentleman manner.Pursuasive measure could be taken to mould or motivate any anti attitude holders avoiding anykinds of religioustic treatment or measure.Religious approach can bring more complicacy in dealing any social issue to make it unsolvable. Human instinctically try to regard and reward ‘Humanity’ over all. Humanity can influence almost everyone to stay with anything good ,to do something good,and finally to be followers of good. This ‘Good’ is God like. God exists in good.

My ‘God’ dwells in good.In this planet of living being ,wherever anything happensto be good or welfare exists , indicate the presence of the God. I do respect such existence of God .I do not prefer to haunt the god from one place to another. Because the almighty God can not be found out specifically anywhere. The God,who is existed everywhere.So it is better to find him in anything done good for human beings. Religion is way like or regulatable devise only to feel or realize God. God is defined through the language of religion .Anything good to the mankind held in this world is acceptable.Mission of committing good is the actual regard to the God.The God loves to live here only.

Antibiotic medications are used to kill bacteria, which can cause illness and disease. They have made a major contribution to human health. Many diseases that once killed people can now be treated effectively with antibiotics. However, some bacteria have become resistant to commonly used antibiotics.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are bacteria that are not controlled or killed by antibiotics. They are able to survive and even multiply in the presence of an antibiotic. Most infection-causing bacteria can become resistant to at least some antibiotics. Bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics are known as multi-resistant organisms (MROs).

Antibiotic resistance can cause serious disease and is an important public health problem. It can be prevented by minimising unnecessary prescribing and overprescribing of antibiotics, the correct use of prescribed antibiotics, and good hygiene and infection control.

The most important ways to prevent antibiotic resistance are:
• Minimise unnecessary prescribing and overprescribing of antibiotics. This occurs when people expect doctors to prescribe antibiotics for a viral illness (antibiotics do not work against viruses) or when antibiotics are prescribed for conditions that do not require them.
• Complete the entire course of the prescribed antibiotic so that it can be fully effective and not breed resistance.
• Practise good hygiene and use appropriate infection control procedures.

Female foeticide is indeed a traditionally shameful matter of our society at the cutting edge of science an technology, where almost every predetermined result is available to satisfy or to safeguard human life. We oftenly have tried to encourage the misuse of scientific techniques to ensure our personal benefit without caring social interest at all. We forget or sometimes we deny the harmful impact that could be coming as havoc devastation to our society. The tendency of female foeticide is such offensive and condemnable matter which is stigma like existed in our society remained as unwippable. We carry the spectacularly wrong idea in evaluating the female baby biasedly to be of expensive and overburden to us. Our every attention and emphasis is attributed to the male baby which is inhuman. The combined performances of male and female can only create a good and developped society. Neither the male can do alone nor the female can do it ! The monetary assistance and other incentives from the government lavel might be encouraging to resist the event of the female foeticide but would not ensure such undesirable event.Extensive education,more workshop and wider campaigning in this respect is inevitably essential to give birth of the sense of equality in those minds who are allegedly commiting the crime.The women are needed to be awakened and indulge in fighting for ensuring the birth of the female baby to respect the motherhood in our society.

It is true that female can perform equally everything as compared with the male if they are properly motivated and guided as well. So,it is a great wrong to underestimate the female baby. It would be wise to allow any female foetus to born and grow side by side equally with male baby avoiding any dicrimination

Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited blood disorder in which the red blood cells contain abnormal haemoglobin, called haemoglobin S. Red cells containing haemoglobin S become sickle shaped when they are released from bone marrow into the circulation. This shape makes them fragile and liable to be destroyed in the blood, causing chronic haemolytic ANAEMIA. The gene that causes haemoglobin S production is recessive, so must be inherited from both parents; people who inherit the gene from only one parent do not develop anaemia. Sickle cell disease occurs almost exclusively in Negroes.
Symptoms of anaemia (such as paleness weakness, shortness of breath and jaundice) usually beginin infancy. Acute crises may occur during the chronic anaemic state, often triggered by viral infections. Blood vessels may become blocked by oollections of abnormal, disintegrating red cells. leadingto a variety of symptoms resulting from disturb, blood supply to many organs and tissues. Disturbed bone formation and deformities of the bones are common. Susceptibility to infection.specially pneumonia, is increased
Sickle cell disease cannot be cured. At one time most sufferers died in childhood but, with modem treatment of anaemia and prompt treatment of infection, life expectancy has increased to over 40 years. Genetic counselling is available for people with sickle cell disease or a family history of it, so that any of them who might plan to have children can assess the risks.
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia a condition in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body. Normal red blood cells are disc-shaped and very flexible. People with this disorder have atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape. Signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease usually begin in early childhood. Characteristic features of this disorder include a low number of red blood cells (anemia), repeated infections, and periodic episodes of pain. Some people have mild symptoms, while others are frequently hospitalized for more serious complications. This process damages the red blood cell membrane, and can cause the cells to become stuck in blood vessels. This deprives the downstream tissues of oxygen and causes ischemia and infarction . The disease is chronic and lifelong. Individuals are most often well, but their lives are punctuated by periodic painful attacks. In addition to periodic pain, there may be damage of internal organs, such as stroke . Lifespan is often shortened with sufferers living to an average of 40 years. Sickle-cell disease occurs more commonly in people (or their descendants) from parts of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa , where malaria is or was common, but it also occurs in people of other ethnicities.
The disorder affects the red blood cells which contain a special protein called haemoglobin (Hb for short). Under normal circumstances, your red blood cells are flexible and round, and they move easily through your blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of your body. These irregular-shaped blood cells die prematurely, resulting in a chronic shortage of red blood cells. Plus, they can get stuck when traveling through small blood vessels, which can slow or block blood flow and oxygen to certain parts of the body. This produces pain and can lead to serious complications. Anemia can cause shortness of breath, fatigue, and delayed growth and development in children. The rapid breakdown of red blood cells may also cause yellowing of the eyes and skin, which are signs of jaundice. Painful episodes can occur when sickled red blood cells, which are stiff and inflexible, get stuck in small blood vessels. These episodes deprive tissues and organs of oxygen-rich blood and can lead to organ damage, especially in the lungs, kidneys, spleen, and brain. A particularly serious complication of sickle cell disease is high blood pressure in the blood vessels that supply the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). Pulmonary hypertension occurs in about one-third of adults with sickle cell disease and can lead to heart failure.
Causes of Sickle Cell Disease
The common Causes of Sickle Cell Disease :
• Alcohol intoxication .
• Infection .
• Emotional stress .
• Pregnancy .
• Hypoxia (flying in unpressurized aircraft) .
Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease
Some common Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease :
• Fatigue .
• Rapid heart rate .
• Yellow eyes/skin .
• Jaundice.
• Breathlessness.
• Ulcers on the lower legs (in adolescents and adults).
• Delayed growth and puberty .
• Bone pain .
• Fever.
Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease
• Blood transfusions (for anemia, and to prevent stroke; transfusions are also used to dilute the HbS with normal hemoglobin to treat chronic pain, acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration and other emergencies.).
• Drinking plenty of water daily (eight to 10 glasses) or receiving fluid intravenously (to prevent and treat pain crises).
• Pain medications (for sickle cell crises).
• Penicillin (to prevent infections).
• Hydroxyurea is a medication that has recently been developed that may help reduce the frequency of pain crises and acute chest syndrome. It may also help decrease the need for frequent blood transfusions. The long-term effects of the medication, however, are unknown.
• Folic acid ( to help prevent severe anemia).